尽管此前签署的谅解备忘录（MoU）旨在建立停火与谈判机制，但美国与伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡通行规则的解释上存在根本性矛盾。该协议规定前 60 天内船舶可免费通行，然而文本对未来管理权的定义模糊不清 [1]。美方主张恢复自由航行并协助大量商船通过，而伊朗则坚持对该水域的控制权及协调权 [1]。这种执行层面的冲突直接引发了包括美军空袭、伊朗导弹反击以及制裁豁免撤销在内的激烈暴力循环 [1]。
美国中央司令部（CENTCOM）声称自 5 月初以来已协助超过 800 艘商船和 3.8 亿桶原油通过霍尔木兹海峡 [1]。然而，本周发生的冲突烈度超过了 6 月 25 日商船遇袭事件，且美国撤销了作为停火协议一部分的对伊朗石油制裁豁免 [1][1]。特朗普在 4 月表示，若非美国公众缺乏耐心，他本会延长对伊朗的战争并夺取其石油资源 [1]。
冲突导致美国汽油价格飙升至每加仑 4.5 美元以上，引发了通胀和公众不满 [1]。面对局势升级，伊朗最高领袖继任者穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊强调必须继续使用关闭霍尔木兹海峡作为杠杆 [1]。
A fundamental disagreement over control and navigation rules in the Strait of Hormuz has triggered a new cycle of military confrontation between the United States and Iran [1]. Although both sides previously signed an understanding memorandum (MoU) establishing mechanisms for ceasefire and negotiation, their interpretations of future management rights remain irreconcilable: Washington advocates for restoring freedom of navigation to facilitate large volumes of commercial shipping, while Tehran insists on retaining control and coordination authority over the waterway [1]. This clash in execution has escalated into a violent cycle involving US airstrikes, Iranian missile counterattacks, and the revocation of sanctions exemptions [1].
The MoU stipulated that ships would pass through the strait free of charge for an initial 60-day period; however, the text's vague definition of future management authority led to these conflicting interpretations [1]. The United States Central Command (CENTCOM) stated since early May it has assisted more than 800 commercial vessels and 380 million barrels of crude oil through the Strait of Hormuz [1]. In response to the escalating tensions, US President Donald Trump remarked in April that he would have extended the war against Iran and seized its oil resources had American public patience not been lacking [1].
Iranian Supreme Leader's successor Mojtaba Khamenei has emphasized the necessity of continuing to use the closure of the Strait of Hormuz as leverage [1]. The current conflict is described as more intense than the incident on June 25 involving an attack on a commercial ship, during which time the US also revoked sanctions exemptions that were part of the ceasefire agreement [1]. These developments have caused gasoline prices in the United States to surge above $4.50 per gallon and sparked inflationary pressures alongside growing public dissatisfaction [1].